Siderurgy (Steel/Metallurgy) 

• Corrosion Resistance with Graphene Coatings: In the steel industry, a major focus has been using graphene-based coatings to protect against corrosion. Breakthrough research published in Small (2023) demonstrated that a high-quality graphene film grown by CVD can serve as an extraordinary anti-corrosion coating on mild steel. In 0.1 N NaCl saltwater tests, graphene-coated steel showed two orders of magnitude (≈100×) higher corrosion resistance than uncoated steelresearchgate.net. Impressively, the graphene layer maintained this protection over >1000 hours of continuous exposureresearchgate.net. Such graphene barriers are extremely impermeable to oxygen and moisture, explaining the dramatic reduction in rust formation. This finding showcases graphene’s potential to greatly extend the service life of steel structures (e.g. in construction or marine environments) by preventing oxidative degradation.

• Graphene Oxide Enhancements in Alloys: Researchers have also incorporated graphene oxide into steel alloys and seen performance gains. A recent Scientific Reports study (2025) added 0.5–1.5 wt% GO powder to a low-nickel stainless steel via powder metallurgy and found markedly improved corrosion inhibition with increasing GO contentnature.com. Even at the microstructural level, the steel’s crystal structure remained largely unchanged by the GO, indicating the nano-additive can enhance surface chemistry (for corrosion resistance) without weakening the bulk metalnature.com. Importantly, that study also confirmed the GO-infused steel retained its biocompatibility (relevant for biomedical-grade stainless steel)nature.com. Beyond corrosion, graphene additions to metal matrices generally lead to strength and wear improvements: for example, small graphene inclusions in aluminum and nickel alloys have yielded ~20% increases in tensile strength along with better toughnesspmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.govresearchgate.net. Although integrating graphene directly into molten steel is challenging, these results highlight graphene’s role as a revolutionary nano-reinforcement – whether applied as a coating or as a dispersed phase – to produce stronger, more corrosion-resistant steels and metallurgical composites.